Isolasi dan Uji Antagonistik Bakteri Endofit Akar Tanaman Padi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Fungi Pyricularia oryzae Penyebab Penyakit Blas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/biosfer.v10i2.32984Keywords:
agen biocontrol, bakteri endofit akar tanaman padi, Penyaki blas, Pyricularia oryzaeAbstract
Penyakit blas yang disebabkan oleh Pyricularia oryzae merupakan salah satu masalah utama pada produksi padi di Indonesia, dengan potensi kerugian hasil mencapai 90% pada varietas rentan. Pengendalian penyakit blas masih bergantung pada varietas tahan dan penggunaan fungisida kimia. Penggunaan fungisida kimia memiliki dampak negatif terhadap pencemaran lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan penangan secara hayati dengan memanfaat bakteri endofit yang mempunyai kemampuan sebagai agen biocontrol. Penelitian yang dilakuakn bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengetahui aktivitas biokontrol berbagai bakteri endofid akar tanaman padi terhadap fungi P. oryzae penyebab penyakit blas. Metode penelitian meliputi isolasi bakteri endofit dari akar padi varietas IR-46, dan dilakukan karakterisasi secara makroskopik, mikroskopik, uji biokimia, serta pengujian aktivitas biologis (produksi IAA dan pelarutan fosfat). Uji antagonistik bakteri endofit akar padi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kultivasi bersamaan pada media PDA serta mengukur zona hambat terbentuk di sekitar koloni bakteri dan fungi uji, yang dilakukan pengulangan 3 kali. Hasil isolasi dan karaterisasi ditemukan 3 tiga isolat yaitu dari genus Microbacterium, Enterobacter, dan Stenotrophomonas. Hasil uji antagonis dari ke tiga isolat bakteri endofit akar padi yang di isolasi didapatkan zona hambat terbesar pada genus Stenotrophomonas (10,6 ± 1,05 mm), diikuti Microbacterium (7,13 ± 0,75 mm), dan Enterobacter (4,87 ± 0,76 mm). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah isolat Stenotrophomonas memiliki potensi sebagai agen biokontrol penyakit blas pada padi, dan berpotensi sebagai strategi pengendalian hayati ramah lingkungan dalam mendukung sistem pertanian organik berkelanjutan
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