ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS RENDAH DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Abstract

This study aims to describe the mathematical problem-solving abilities of lower-
grade elementary school students, specifically in the number material taught in
Class III at MI Alhuda Rawasapi. The background of this research is the
importance of problem-solving skills in mathematics education as a foundation for
logical, critical, and systematic thinking that supports the understanding and
application of concepts in real-life contexts. This study employs a descriptive
qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through
observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that students’
problem-solving abilities remain low, marked by various obstacles in the four
stages of Polya’s problem-solving steps: understanding the problem, devising a
plan, carrying out the plan, and reviewing the solution. Furthermore, five types of
errors were identified based on Newman’s error analysis and Rico’s transformation
theory, including errors in reading the problem, understanding the problem,
transforming into mathematical form, carrying out the process, and writing the final
answer. Contributing factors include low mathematical literacy, underdeveloped
abstract thinking skills, and a lack of habits in evaluating their own work. This
study recommends the use of contextual learning approaches and the cultivation
of reflective thinking habits to enhance students’ mathematical problem-solving
skills.