PENERAPAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING STAD DALAM PENINGKATAN KOMUNIKASI LISAN DAN LITERASI MEMBACA SISWA KELAS V DI SD XYZ TANGERANG : STUDI KOMPARATIF

Abstract

This comparative study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Cooperative Learning
method—specifically the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD)—in improving
fifth-grade students’ oral communication and reading literacy skills at SD XYZ Tangerang.
The study was motivated by field findings that showed many students had difficulties
expressing ideas verbally and understanding texts. A quantitative approach with a quasi-
experimental design was used, involving two classes: an experimental class using the
STAD model and a control class using conventional lecture methods. Instruments
included a reading literacy test (25 items) and an observation sheet for oral
communication skills. Data were collected through pretests and posttests, then analyzed
descriptively and inferentially. The results showed that the experimental class experienced
significantly greater improvement than the control class. The average reading literacy
score increased from 22.28 to 23.41, with a t-test significance value of 0.002. Oral
communication skills in the experimental class improved by 3.53 points, while the control
class only improved by 0.3 points. These findings confirm that the STAD model is more
effective than conventional methods in improving students’ communication and reading
skills. This research provides valuable recommendations for teachers to apply cooperative
learning strategies in classrooms.