ANALISIS FAKTOR KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS III DALAM MEMAHAMI MATERI STRUKTUR PEMERINTAHAN PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DI SDN BANGKALAN

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the internal factors that cause learning difficulties among third-grade students in understanding the topic of governmental structure in the subject of Civic Education at SDN Bangkalan. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study method. The participants were third-grade students, and data were collected through classroom observation and in-depth interviews. The findings indicate that students’ learning difficulties are influenced by several internal factors, including: (1) limited cognitive development, as students are still at the concrete operational stage according to Piaget’s theory, making it difficult to comprehend abstract concepts of state power division; (2) low interest and learning motivation due to the perception that the material is boring and irrelevant to daily life; and (3) negative perceptions toward Civic Education, which is often associated with memorizing institutional terms rather than connecting to real-life experiences. These results highlight that internal factors play a crucial role in shaping students’ understanding of abstract material, thereby emphasizing the need for teaching strategies that align with the cognitive characteristics, interests, and perceptions of elementary school students.