LITERATURE STUDY ON THE STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION OF MERISTEMATIC TISSUES DURING PRIMARY GROWTH OF ROOTS AND STEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i04.37664Keywords:
meristematic tissue, primary growth, root, shoot, cell differentiation, hormonal regulation, plant developmentAbstract
Every plant experiences growth and development throughout its life. This growth and development occurs in every plant organ that possesses meristematic tissue. Primary plant growth results from the activity of meristematic tissue located at the tips of roots and stems. Primary plant growth is the result of the activity of meristematic tissue located at the tips of roots and stems. This tissue consists of totipotent embryonic cells with a high mitotic rate. This study is a literature review aimed at analyzing the structure, physiological activity, and factors regulating the development of meristematic tissue in the early phase of plant growth. The review was conducted on 15 scientific articles published between 2021 and 2025 from various reputable international and national sources. The analysis results indicate that cell division in the root and stem apical meristem is controlled by hormonal interactions between auxin and cytokinin, as well as by genetic regulation involving the expression of the WOX, PLT, and KNOX genes. The structure of meristematic tissue is divided into three main zones: the division zone, the elongation zone, and the differentiation zone, each of which plays a role in forming primary tissues such as xylem, phloem, and parenchyma. Environmental factors, including light intensity, water availability, and temperature, also influence the rate of cell division and differentiation patterns. Overall, meristematic tissue plays a central role in the early morphogenesis of plants, forming the basis for the formation of root systems and stem growth, and providing an important foundation for the development of research in the field of modern plant anatomy and physiology.
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