KEPEMIMPINAN TERDISTRIBUSI DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP SEKOLAH: TINJAUAN LITERATUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i04.38035Keywords:
Distributed leadership, shared leadership, school leadership, teacher collaboration, educational leadershipAbstract
This literature review synthesizes recent empirical research on distributed leadership
and its impact on schools, with a focus on student achievement, teacher outcomes,
and organizational effectiveness. A narrative review approach was used to provide a
thematic synthesis of findings and theoretical developments. Data were retrieved from
the Scopus database using the search strings TITLE (distributed AND leadership)
AND TITLE (school), yielding 197 peer-reviewed journal articles. After applying
inclusion criteria focusing on English-language publications and journal articles, 35
studies were selected for in-depth qualitative analysis. The review differentiates
between structural and functional distributed leadership and finds that a functional
approach emphasizing collaboration and shared decision-making produces more
consistently positive outcomes. Evidence suggests that distributed leadership
improves student performance and teacher professional growth through mediating
factors such as teacher collaboration, organizational trust, and professional learning
communities. However, challenges remain, including unclear role boundaries,
resistance to authority changes, and cultural barriers within hierarchical school
systems. The review highlights the need for context-sensitive implementation
supported by professional development and a collaborative organizational culture.
Future research should expand longitudinal and cross-cultural studies to better
understand how distributed leadership develops over time and operates in diverse
educational contexts.
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