MEMILIH BIṬANAH DENGAN ORANG NON-MUSLIM DALAM SURAT ALI-IMRAN AYAT 118 MENURUT M. QURAISH SHIHAB

Abstract

This study aims to analyze M. Quraish Shihab’s perspective on choosing non-Muslims as biṭanah and the boundaries and principles of social relations with them based on the Qur’an. This research employs a qualitative method using a library research approach. Data were obtained through a study of M. Quraish Shihab’s Tafsir Al-Misbah, the Qur’an, and relevant literature on Qur’anic interpretation and Muslim–non-Muslim relations. The findings indicate that biṭanah refers to individuals who have close relationships and receive special trust in a person’s life; therefore, their selection should be considered carefully. According to M. Quraish Shihab, social relations with non-Muslims are generally permissible as long as they do not involve hostility, cause harm, or threaten the interests of Muslims. The Qur’an also encourages Muslims to act kindly and justly toward non-Muslims who live peacefully. Thus, religious differences should not become a reason to sever social relations, while appropriate boundaries should remain in matters of trust and closeness.