ANALISIS NILAI ESTETIKA DAN MAKNA SIMBOLIK ORNAMEN BAGAS GODANG PANYABUNGAN TONGA KABUPATEN MANDAILING NATAL

Abstract

This study aims to identify and describe the ornamental motifs, examine their symbolic meanings, and analyze the aesthetic values of the ornaments of Bagas Godang in Panyabungan Tonga, Mandailing Natal Regency. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation of the ornaments found on the tutup ari of Bagas Godang in Panyabungan Tonga. The aesthetic values were analyzed using Monroe C. Beardsley’s aesthetic theory, which consists of unity, complexity, and intensity. The results showed that there are 16 ornamental motifs on the tutup ari, namely Tanduk Horbo, Mataniari, Bulan, Bintang, Gimbang, Bunga Rundang, Panji-Panji, Raga-Raga, Suncang Duri, Podang, Jagar, Takar, Sipatomu-tomu, Bindu Dalihan Natolu, Tagan, and Bona Bulu. Based on their visual forms, the ornaments are classified into five patterns, namely animal, cosmic, plant, technical/equipment, and geometric patterns. The symbolic meanings contained in the ornaments are related to values of life, customary traditions, leadership, religion, justice, unity, harmony, concern for others, and kinship within the Dalihan Natolu system. The aesthetic values of the ornaments are reflected in the orderly arrangement of motifs, balance of forms, combination of colors, variety of forms and lines, as well as the use of contrasting colors and motif placement that creates visual emphasis. The ornaments on the tutup ari of Bagas Godang in Panyabungan Tonga function not only as decorative elements but also reflect cultural values in the lives of the Mandailing community.