SEJARAH SOSIAL PERADABAN ISLAM DINASTI IBN THULUN DARI BERDIRI SAMPAI RUNTUH

Abstract

The Ibn Tulun Dynasty was the first autonomous dynasty to rule Egypt and its

surrounding regions, such as Syria and Hijaz, in the 9th century CE, existing

from 868 until its fall in 905 CE. This dynasty was founded by Ahmad ibn

Tulun, who was initially appointed as governor by the Abbasid Caliphate but

later declared his political independence. The reign of the Ibn Thulun Dynasty

was marked by significant advancements in military, political, economic, and

architectural fields, including the construction of the city of al-Qata’i and the

magnificent Ibn Thulun Mosque. Ahmad ibn Thulun implemented effectiv

public policies to maintain political stability and security, strengthen the

military, and develop agricultural and trade infrastructure. However, this

dynasty only lasted about 38 years due to the lack of a strong national

foundation and the inability of its successors to maintain power, ultimately being

reclaimed by the Abbasids. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method

with literature study to examine the establishment process, development,

contributions, and causes of the collapse of the Ibn Tulun Dynasty in the context

of Islamic civilization history in Egypt.