EKSPLORASI BUDAYA SEKOLAH DAN DINAMIKA INTERAKSI TEMAN SEBAYA SEBAGAI PEMICU PERILAKU BULLYING DI SD IT AL-FATIH MAKASSAR

Abstract

Bullying phenomena in elementary schools represent a serious challenge in

shaping students’ character. Aggressive behaviors, both verbal and physical, often

emerge due to the weak internalization of school cultural values and the imbalance

of peer group interactions. This study aims to analyze the relationship between

school culture, peer interaction, and bullying behavior within the context of Islamic-

based elementary education, as well as to identify preventive strategies relevant to

this setting. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive

design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory

observations, and documentation studies involving the principal, teachers, staff,

and students. Data analysis utilized Miles and Huberman’s interactive model,

which includes data reduction, data display, and inductive conclusion drawing. The

findings indicate that a religious, disciplined, and value-oriented school culture

plays a significant role in shaping students’ social behavior. However, strong peer

influence remains a dominant factor contributing to bullying tendencies, particularly

in the form of verbal and mild physical aggression. Teachers’ roles in addressing

bullying remain reactive and are not yet supported by a structured institutional

policy. The study concludes that strengthening school culture should be

accompanied by constructive social interaction management through collaboration

among teachers, school leaders, and parents to foster a safe, religious, and

character-driven learning environment.