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Abstract
This study aims to strengthen prospective mathematics teachers’ geometry understanding through ethnomathematics-based learning grounded in Papuan traditional houses integrated with Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI). A mixed-methods case study design with embedded quantitative data was employed involving 32 prospective teachers. Data were collected through geometry comprehension tests, ethnomathematical analysis rubrics, questionnaires, interviews, and observations, and analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic coding. The results show a significant increase in students’ mean scores from 58 to 80, alongside improved ability to connect geometric concepts with cultural structures. GenAI facilitated visualization, conceptual validation, and reflective thinking. This study contributes to the integration of ethnomathematics and generative technology as a culturally responsive and pedagogically meaningful approach in geometry education.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Iyam Mariyati, Muhammad Sahdam Darmawan, Nurhayani

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References
- Abd-Alrazaq, A., AlSaad, R., Alhuwail, D., Ahmed, A., Healy, M., Latifi, S., Aziz, S., Damseh, R., Alrazak, S. A., & Sheikh, J. I. (2023). Large language models in medical education: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions. JMIR Medical Education, 9, Article e48291. https://doi.org/10.2196/48291
- Assegaff, N., & Bonyah, E. (2024). Development of ethnomathematics-based teaching materials through interactive games to improve students’ mathematical literacy. Pasundan Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 112–128.
- Clark, T. M., Anderson, E., Dickson-Karn, N. M., Soltanirad, C., & Tafini, N. (2023). Comparing the performance of college chemistry students with ChatGPT for calculations involving acids and bases. Journal of Chemical Education, 100(10), 3934–3944. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00500
- Emenike, M. E., & Emenike, B. U. (2023). Was this title generated by ChatGPT? Considerations for artificial intelligence text-generation software programs for chemists and chemistry educators. Journal of Chemical Education, 100(4), 1413–1418. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00063
- Fachrur, R., Rika, W., & Rahayu, N. P. (2021). Ethnomathematics: Electronic math module based on Madura batik in improving creative thinking skills. Atlantis Press, 550, 266–275.
- Fauzi, L. M., Gazali, M., & Fauzi, A. (2021). Ethnomathematics: A mathematical exploration on the layout of Tui Gubuk and the architecture of Segenter traditional house. Jurnal Math Educator Nusantara, 7(2), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.29407/jmen.v7i2.16519
- Fauzi, L. M., Gazali, M., Fauzi, A., Wardi, Z., & Endriana, N. (2022). Realistic mathematics education: Building mathematical conceptions in Sasak culture. Jurnal Math Educator Nusantara, 8(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.29407/jmen.v8i2.18885
- Fitriza, R., Matematika, J., & Matematika, P. (2018). Ethnomathematics pada ornamen Rumah Gadang Minangkabau. Math Educa Journal, 2(2).
- Gustina, D. M., Mariana, N., & Wiryanto, W. (2025). Augmented reality-based ethnomathematics learning media to enhance spatial ability in 3D geometry for fifth grade elementary students. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 4(2), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.56916/JIRPE.V4I2.1229
- Haryanto, Nusantara, T., Subanji, & Abadyo. (2016). Ethnomathematics in Arfak (West Papua-Indonesia): Hidden mathematics on knot of Rumah Kaki Seribu. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(7), 420–425. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2015.2620
- Hendriyanto, A., Priatna, N., Juandi, D., Dahlan, J. A., Hidayat, R., Sahara, S., & Muhaimin, L. H. (2023). Learning mathematics using an ethnomathematics approach: A systematic literature review. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 23(7), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i7.6012
- Kho, R., Tandililing, P., & Yektiningtyas, W. (2025). Exploring Honai construction as a resource for mathematics learning. Journal of Honai Math, 8(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.30862/JHM.V8I1.785
- Liana, M., Elvi, M., Siregar, N. A. R., & Susanti, S. (2024). Pre-service teacher regarding math and science literacy. Kne Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i13.16030
- Liou, P.-Y. (2015). Developing an instrument for assessing students’ concepts of the nature of technology. Research in Science & Technological Education, 33(2), 162–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2014.996542
- Mallqui, A. O., & Chávez, W. O. (2021). Ethnomathematics: An approach to teacher perception in aboriginal communities in Peru. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(14), 4158–4165.
- Mania, S., & Alam, S. (2021). Teachers’ perception toward the use of ethnomathematics approach in teaching math. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.46328/IJEMST.1551
- Meylani, R. (2025). Integrating mathematics education with technology and sustainability: The novel IMETS framework. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 13(26), 1184–1215. https://doi.org/10.18009/JCER.1668730
- Pasaribu, H., Likumahwa, F. M., & Queljoe, W. S. D. (2025). Integrasi STEM dan etnomatematika dalam desain Rumah Kaki Seribu. Igkojei Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 6(3), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.46549/igkojei.v6i3.572
- Prachagool, V., Nuangchalerm, P., & Yawongsa, P. (2022). Digital literacy of pre-service teachers in the period time of COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Educational Issues, 8(2), 347. https://doi.org/10.5296/jei.v8i2.20135
- Ratau, A., Cholily, Y. M., Rahardjanto, A., Effendi, M. M., & Inganah, S. (2025). Exploring ethnomathematics in the traditional houses of Tamarele, Buano Utara village, as a source of mathematics learning. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 8(3), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.24042/IJSME.V8I3.29420
- Rizal, R., Rusdiana, D., Setiawan, W., & Siahaan, P. (2022). Learning management system supported smartphone (LMS3): Online learning application in physics for school course to enhance digital literacy of preservice physics teacher. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 12(1), 191. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1049
- Rokhmah, N., Yaniawati, R. P., Supianti, I. I., & Bin Ku Mahamud, K. H. (2024). Ethnomathematics e-learning teaching material development: Student-oriented problem-solving ability. Pasundan Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 129–147.
- Rumah, E. E., Musik, A., Masyarakat, T., Alvian, B.-P., Sroyer, M., Nainggolan, J., & Hutabarat, I. M. (2018). Exploration of ethnomathematics of house and traditional music tools Biak-Papua cultural. Formatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA, 8(3), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.30998/FORMATIF.V8I3.2751
- Sartika, D., Saputra, E., & Herizal. (2024). Batak ulos ethnomathematics exploration based on GeoGebra software. Pasundan Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(1).
- Studi, P., Matematika, P., Sopater Istia, M., Mumu, J., Kumala, L., & Matanubun, D. (2025). Meta-analysis of ethnomathematics based geometry learning in Indonesian junior high schools. Media Pendidikan Matematika, 13(2), 808–821. https://doi.org/10.33394/MPM.V13I2.18373
- Sudana, P. A. P., Santosa, M. H., Ratminingsih, N. M., Padmadewi, N. N., Adnyani, L. P. S., & Artini, L. P. (2024). Pre-service teachers’ perception of digital literacy. Journal of Education Technology, 7(4), 677–686. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v7i4.68867
- Suhartik, E., Fadiana, M., & Apriono, D. (2025). Inovasi pembelajaran bangun ruang menggunakan pendekatan etnomatematika pada tradisi Rebo Wekasan. Journal of Nusantara Education, 4(2), 96–108. https://doi.org/10.57176/jn.v4i2.152
- Tereshkina, G. D., Merlina, N. I., Kartashova, S. A., Dyachkovskaya, M. D., & Pyryrco, N. A. (2015). Ethnomathematics of indigenous peoples of the north. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2S3), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s3p233
- Tyson, J. F. (2023). Shortcomings of ChatGPT. Journal of Chemical Education, 100(8), 3098–3101. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00361
- Widodo, A., Rahayu, F. F., Saputra, F., & Pratama, R. A. (2024). Bridging culture and curriculum: Ethnomathematics in the educational landscape of Lampung. International Journal of Progressive Mathematics Education, 4(2), 110–129. https://doi.org/10.22236/ijopme.v4i2.19787
References
Abd-Alrazaq, A., AlSaad, R., Alhuwail, D., Ahmed, A., Healy, M., Latifi, S., Aziz, S., Damseh, R., Alrazak, S. A., & Sheikh, J. I. (2023). Large language models in medical education: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions. JMIR Medical Education, 9, Article e48291. https://doi.org/10.2196/48291
Assegaff, N., & Bonyah, E. (2024). Development of ethnomathematics-based teaching materials through interactive games to improve students’ mathematical literacy. Pasundan Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 112–128.
Clark, T. M., Anderson, E., Dickson-Karn, N. M., Soltanirad, C., & Tafini, N. (2023). Comparing the performance of college chemistry students with ChatGPT for calculations involving acids and bases. Journal of Chemical Education, 100(10), 3934–3944. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00500
Emenike, M. E., & Emenike, B. U. (2023). Was this title generated by ChatGPT? Considerations for artificial intelligence text-generation software programs for chemists and chemistry educators. Journal of Chemical Education, 100(4), 1413–1418. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00063
Fachrur, R., Rika, W., & Rahayu, N. P. (2021). Ethnomathematics: Electronic math module based on Madura batik in improving creative thinking skills. Atlantis Press, 550, 266–275.
Fauzi, L. M., Gazali, M., & Fauzi, A. (2021). Ethnomathematics: A mathematical exploration on the layout of Tui Gubuk and the architecture of Segenter traditional house. Jurnal Math Educator Nusantara, 7(2), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.29407/jmen.v7i2.16519
Fauzi, L. M., Gazali, M., Fauzi, A., Wardi, Z., & Endriana, N. (2022). Realistic mathematics education: Building mathematical conceptions in Sasak culture. Jurnal Math Educator Nusantara, 8(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.29407/jmen.v8i2.18885
Fitriza, R., Matematika, J., & Matematika, P. (2018). Ethnomathematics pada ornamen Rumah Gadang Minangkabau. Math Educa Journal, 2(2).
Gustina, D. M., Mariana, N., & Wiryanto, W. (2025). Augmented reality-based ethnomathematics learning media to enhance spatial ability in 3D geometry for fifth grade elementary students. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 4(2), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.56916/JIRPE.V4I2.1229
Haryanto, Nusantara, T., Subanji, & Abadyo. (2016). Ethnomathematics in Arfak (West Papua-Indonesia): Hidden mathematics on knot of Rumah Kaki Seribu. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(7), 420–425. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2015.2620
Hendriyanto, A., Priatna, N., Juandi, D., Dahlan, J. A., Hidayat, R., Sahara, S., & Muhaimin, L. H. (2023). Learning mathematics using an ethnomathematics approach: A systematic literature review. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 23(7), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i7.6012
Kho, R., Tandililing, P., & Yektiningtyas, W. (2025). Exploring Honai construction as a resource for mathematics learning. Journal of Honai Math, 8(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.30862/JHM.V8I1.785
Liana, M., Elvi, M., Siregar, N. A. R., & Susanti, S. (2024). Pre-service teacher regarding math and science literacy. Kne Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i13.16030
Liou, P.-Y. (2015). Developing an instrument for assessing students’ concepts of the nature of technology. Research in Science & Technological Education, 33(2), 162–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2014.996542
Mallqui, A. O., & Chávez, W. O. (2021). Ethnomathematics: An approach to teacher perception in aboriginal communities in Peru. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(14), 4158–4165.
Mania, S., & Alam, S. (2021). Teachers’ perception toward the use of ethnomathematics approach in teaching math. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.46328/IJEMST.1551
Meylani, R. (2025). Integrating mathematics education with technology and sustainability: The novel IMETS framework. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 13(26), 1184–1215. https://doi.org/10.18009/JCER.1668730
Pasaribu, H., Likumahwa, F. M., & Queljoe, W. S. D. (2025). Integrasi STEM dan etnomatematika dalam desain Rumah Kaki Seribu. Igkojei Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 6(3), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.46549/igkojei.v6i3.572
Prachagool, V., Nuangchalerm, P., & Yawongsa, P. (2022). Digital literacy of pre-service teachers in the period time of COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Educational Issues, 8(2), 347. https://doi.org/10.5296/jei.v8i2.20135
Ratau, A., Cholily, Y. M., Rahardjanto, A., Effendi, M. M., & Inganah, S. (2025). Exploring ethnomathematics in the traditional houses of Tamarele, Buano Utara village, as a source of mathematics learning. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 8(3), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.24042/IJSME.V8I3.29420
Rizal, R., Rusdiana, D., Setiawan, W., & Siahaan, P. (2022). Learning management system supported smartphone (LMS3): Online learning application in physics for school course to enhance digital literacy of preservice physics teacher. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 12(1), 191. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1049
Rokhmah, N., Yaniawati, R. P., Supianti, I. I., & Bin Ku Mahamud, K. H. (2024). Ethnomathematics e-learning teaching material development: Student-oriented problem-solving ability. Pasundan Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 129–147.
Rumah, E. E., Musik, A., Masyarakat, T., Alvian, B.-P., Sroyer, M., Nainggolan, J., & Hutabarat, I. M. (2018). Exploration of ethnomathematics of house and traditional music tools Biak-Papua cultural. Formatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA, 8(3), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.30998/FORMATIF.V8I3.2751
Sartika, D., Saputra, E., & Herizal. (2024). Batak ulos ethnomathematics exploration based on GeoGebra software. Pasundan Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(1).
Studi, P., Matematika, P., Sopater Istia, M., Mumu, J., Kumala, L., & Matanubun, D. (2025). Meta-analysis of ethnomathematics based geometry learning in Indonesian junior high schools. Media Pendidikan Matematika, 13(2), 808–821. https://doi.org/10.33394/MPM.V13I2.18373
Sudana, P. A. P., Santosa, M. H., Ratminingsih, N. M., Padmadewi, N. N., Adnyani, L. P. S., & Artini, L. P. (2024). Pre-service teachers’ perception of digital literacy. Journal of Education Technology, 7(4), 677–686. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v7i4.68867
Suhartik, E., Fadiana, M., & Apriono, D. (2025). Inovasi pembelajaran bangun ruang menggunakan pendekatan etnomatematika pada tradisi Rebo Wekasan. Journal of Nusantara Education, 4(2), 96–108. https://doi.org/10.57176/jn.v4i2.152
Tereshkina, G. D., Merlina, N. I., Kartashova, S. A., Dyachkovskaya, M. D., & Pyryrco, N. A. (2015). Ethnomathematics of indigenous peoples of the north. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2S3), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s3p233
Tyson, J. F. (2023). Shortcomings of ChatGPT. Journal of Chemical Education, 100(8), 3098–3101. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00361
Widodo, A., Rahayu, F. F., Saputra, F., & Pratama, R. A. (2024). Bridging culture and curriculum: Ethnomathematics in the educational landscape of Lampung. International Journal of Progressive Mathematics Education, 4(2), 110–129. https://doi.org/10.22236/ijopme.v4i2.19787
