Pengembangan Bahan Reflective ThinkingAjar dan Instrumen untuk Meningkatkan  Berpikir Reflektif Matematis dan Kemandirian Belajar Berbasis Pendekatan Metakognitif

Hepsi Hepsi

doi:10.23969/pjme.v2i1.2464

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Abstract

This study mathematical background of reflective thinking skills are very important role in mathematical problem-solving activities. Based on the results of a preliminary study, 60% contained one high school students Tangerang district in Banten still weak in several indicators reflective mathematical thinking skills. In addition to reflective thinking that will be developed there to learn independence. Reflective mathematical thinking and independence associated with learning one's metacognitive abilities. Metacognitive ability is an ability that aware of his thinking, the ability to see herself so that what is done can be controlled optimally. The purpose of this study is to produce teaching materials and instruments and columns based learning approach to enhance metacognitive reflective mathematical thinking and learning independence. This research method using the method development. Its activities include preliminary studies (literature search, observation, interviews with teachers), product development (teaching materials and instruments and columns, test experts (mathematicians and mathematics education), Test 3 is limited to students in high school in Tangerang district belonging to high school, moderate and low. This study concluded that the teaching materials, instruments ability to think mathematically and learn self-reliance scale feasible for use. Instruments reflective mathematical thinking has 8 indicators with 11 questions and independence Scale consists of nine indicators with a 40 item statements.

Keywords

Teaching materials instruments Reflective Thinking Metacognitive

How to Cite

Hepsi, H. (2020). Pengembangan Bahan Reflective ThinkingAjar dan Instrumen untuk Meningkatkan Berpikir Reflektif Matematis dan Kemandirian Belajar Berbasis Pendekatan Metakognitif. Pasundan Journal of Mathematics Education : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 2(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.23969/pjme.v2i1.2464

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References

Balcaen & Klassen (2007). Teaching Critical Mathematics Thinking (Mathematical Mindedness). Tersedia pada: ocs.sfu.ca/fedcan/index.php/sss2010/index/search/.../view?. Diakses tanggal 2 Desember 2009.
Biryukov, P.(2003). Metacognitive Aspects of Solving Combinatorics Problems. Tersedia Pada : www.cimt.playmouth.ac.uk/journal/biryukov.pdf. Diakses tanggal: 6 Oktober 2009.
Costa. (2001a). Teaching for, of, and about Thinking. Developing Minds, 354-357,(Costay (ed)). America: ASCD
Costa (2001b). Mediating Metacogntive.Developing Minds, 408-411,(Costay (ed)).America: ASCD
Darr & Fisher. (2004). Self-Regulated in The Mathematics Class. Paper pada NZARE Konfrensi, Turning the Kaleidoscope, Wellington 24-26 November 2004. Tersedia pada://www.nzcer.org.nz/pdfs/13903.pdf. Di akses tanggal: 4 Mei 2010.
Elawar, M.C. (1995). Effects of Metacognitive Instruction on Low Achievers in mathematics Problems. U.S.A:Teaching and Teacher Education. Vol 8 No. 2. H. 109-121
Elawar, M.C. (1992). Effects of Teaching Metacognitive Skills to Students Low Mathematics Ability. U.S.A:Teaching and Teacher Education. Vol 8 No. 2. H. 109-121.
Gelder, Van. (2002). How to Improve critical Thinking using Educational Technology. Tersedia pada : www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/melbourne01/pdf/.../vangeldert.pdf. . Diakses tanggal 15 Maret 2010.
Goss, M. (1995). Metacognitive Knowledge, Beliefs, and Classroom Mathematics. DARWIN:Merga 18 GALTHA.
Kramarski, B. (2000). The Effects of Different Instructional Methods on the Ability to Communicate Mathematical Reasoning. Tersedia pada: Kramab@mail.biu.ac.il. Diakses tanggal: 3 November 2009.
Kramarski, B. & Mevarech, Z. (2002). Metacognitive Discourse in Mathematics Clasroom. Tersedia Pada: http://www.dm.unipi.it/~didattica/CERME3/proceedings/Groups/TG8/TG8_Kramarski_cerme3.pdf. Diakses tanggal: 18 November 2009 .
Kramarski, B. & Mizrachi, N. (2004). Enhancing Mathematical Literacy with the Use of Metacognitive Guidence in Forum Discussion. Makalah pada : Proceedings of the 28th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Matmehatics Education, 2004, Vol 3 pp 169-176 Tersedia pada: http://www.emis.de/proceedings/PME28/RR/RR306_Kramarski.pdf. Diakses tanggal: 9 November 2009
Kwang, T.S, Threlfall, J & Monaghan, J. (1997). The Effects of Metacognitive Training in Mathematical Word Problem Solving in a Computer Environment. Proceedings vol. 2
Mevarech, Z. R & Amrny, C.(2008). The Effects Metacognitive Instruction on Students Mathematics Achievement and Regulation of Cognition. Tersedia Pada: tsg.icme11.org/document/get/58. Diakses tangal: 3 November 2009
Mevarech, Z.R & Fridkin,S.(2006). The Effects of IMPROVE on mathematical knowledge, mathematical reasoning and meta-cognition. Meta-cognition Learning, 1, 85-97.
Mevarech, Z & Kramarski, B. (2004). Mathematical Modeling and Meta Cognitive Instruvtion. Tersedia Pada: www.icme-organisers.dk/tsg18/S32MevarechKramarski.pdf - Diakses Tanggal: 3 November 2009.
Mohamed & Ten Nai, T. (2005). The Use of Metacognitive Process in Learning. Makalah pada The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project University Teknologi Malaysia
Morcou & Lerman. (2006). Towards The Development of a Self Regulated Mathematical Problem Solving Model. (Online). Tersedia Pada: ftp://ftp.emis.de/pub/EMIS/proceedings/PME30/4/137.pd.f Diakses Tanggal: 4 Mei 2010
Nitko,A.J.(1996). Educational Assesment of Students. Enlewood Cliffs.Merrill
Oleinik. (2002). Development of critical thinking in mathematics courses. Makalah pada Proceeding of the 3rd International Mathematics Education and Society Conference. Pp 1-3. Copenhegen: Centre for Research in learning Mathematics. Tersedia pada: www.mes3.learning.aau.dk/Projects/Oleinik.pdf -. Diakses tanggal: 19 Desember 2010
Phan, H.P. (2006). Examination of student learning approaches, reflective thinking, and epistemological beliefs: A latent variables approach. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, No. 10 Vol4(3),2006,pp:557-610. Tersedia pada: http://www.investigacion-psicopedagogica.org/revista/articulos/10/english/Art_10_141.pdf .Diakses Tanggal: 4 November 2010.
Piccolo, D, et al.(2002). Quality if Instruction: Examining Discourse in Middle School Mathematics Instruction. Makalah Tersedia Pada: Jurnal of Advanced Academics (JAA), Volume 19 Number 3 2008, hal.376-410.
Ratnaningsih.N.(2007).Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kontekstual terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Kreatif Matematik Serta Kemandirian Belajar Siswa SMA. Disertasi pada SPs UPI. Bandung: Tidak diterbitkan
Rhee & Pintrich (2004). Teaching to Facilitate Self-Regulated Learning. Thinking about Thinking (Ee, et.al, ed. 2004). Singapore: National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University.
Sabandar. (2010). Thinking Clasroom. Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah. Tersedia pada: math.sps.upi.edu/.../Thinking-Classroom-dalam-Pembelajaran-Matematika-di-Sekolah.pdf. Diakses tanggal 15 Maret 2010.
Schraw, et al. (2006). Promoting Self-Regulation in Science Education: Metacognition as Part of a Broader Persoective on Learning. Jurnal : Research in Scinece Education (2006) 36:111-139. Springer.
Stacey, Kaye.(1996). Attitudes and Meta-Cognitive Aspects of Learning Mathematics: An Analysis by Gender. Tersedia Pada: http://staff.edfac.unimelb.edu.au/~kayecs/publications/1990to96/Stacey-Attitudes.pdf, Diaksese tanggal: 9 November 2009
Suherman , E dan Sukjaya, Y. (1990). Petunjuk Praktis untuk Melaksanakan Evaluasi Pendidikan Matematika. Bandung : Wijaya Kusumah 157.
Sukmadinata, dkk . (2006). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung : PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Surbek,E.,Eunhye,P.,&Moyer,J.(1991). Assessing reflective responses in Journals. Education Leadership, March,25-27. Tersedia Pada: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/development/reflection.html .Diakses tanggal : 4 November 2010.
Tan Seng. (2002). Cognition, Metacognition, and, Problem Based Learning. Enhancing Thinking Through Problem Based Learning Approaches, h.1-14, (Tan seng, ed). Singapore:Thompson
Tim MKPBM (2004). Strategi Pembelajaran Matematika Kontemporer. Bandung: JICA UPI.
Utari-Sumarmo. (2006). Kemandirian Belajar. Apa, Mengapa, dan Bagaimana Dikembangkan pada Peserta Didik. Makalah yang disampaikan pada Seminar di UPI. Bandung:UPI
Weissinger, P. (2002). Critical Thinking, Metacognition, and Problem-Based Learning. Enhancing Thinking Through Problem Based Learning Approaches, h. 40-55 (Tan seng, ed). Singapore:Thompson.
Winne & Perry (2005). Measuring Self Regulation Learning. In Hand Book Of Self Regulation, h. 532-564 (Boekaerts,et.al, ed). Amerika:Academic Press
Yong Tee & Kiong, Lau.(2002). Metacognitive Aspect of Mathematics Problem Solving. Tersedia Pada: http://gse.berkeley.edu/Faculty/AHSchoenfeld/Schoenfeld_MathThinking.pdf. Diakses tanggal: 17 November 2009
Zehavi & Mann. (2006). Instrumented Techniques and Reflective Thinking in Analytic Geometry. (Online). (Tersedia Pada: www.math.umt.edu/tmme/vol2no2/TMMEv2n2a1.pdf . Diakses tanggal 6 Februari 2011)
Zimmerman,B.(1990).Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: An Overview. Educational Psyhologist, 25(1),3-17.Tersedia pada: www.unco edu/cebs/pschology/kevinpugh/motivation_project/recources/Zimmerman90.Diakses tanggal: 4 Mei 2010

References

Balcaen & Klassen (2007). Teaching Critical Mathematics Thinking (Mathematical Mindedness). Tersedia pada: ocs.sfu.ca/fedcan/index.php/sss2010/index/search/.../view?. Diakses tanggal 2 Desember 2009.

Biryukov, P.(2003). Metacognitive Aspects of Solving Combinatorics Problems. Tersedia Pada : www.cimt.playmouth.ac.uk/journal/biryukov.pdf. Diakses tanggal: 6 Oktober 2009.

Costa. (2001a). Teaching for, of, and about Thinking. Developing Minds, 354-357,(Costay (ed)). America: ASCD

Costa (2001b). Mediating Metacogntive.Developing Minds, 408-411,(Costay (ed)).America: ASCD

Darr & Fisher. (2004). Self-Regulated in The Mathematics Class. Paper pada NZARE Konfrensi, Turning the Kaleidoscope, Wellington 24-26 November 2004. Tersedia pada://www.nzcer.org.nz/pdfs/13903.pdf. Di akses tanggal: 4 Mei 2010.

Elawar, M.C. (1995). Effects of Metacognitive Instruction on Low Achievers in mathematics Problems. U.S.A:Teaching and Teacher Education. Vol 8 No. 2. H. 109-121

Elawar, M.C. (1992). Effects of Teaching Metacognitive Skills to Students Low Mathematics Ability. U.S.A:Teaching and Teacher Education. Vol 8 No. 2. H. 109-121.

Gelder, Van. (2002). How to Improve critical Thinking using Educational Technology. Tersedia pada : www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/melbourne01/pdf/.../vangeldert.pdf. . Diakses tanggal 15 Maret 2010.

Goss, M. (1995). Metacognitive Knowledge, Beliefs, and Classroom Mathematics. DARWIN:Merga 18 GALTHA.

Kramarski, B. (2000). The Effects of Different Instructional Methods on the Ability to Communicate Mathematical Reasoning. Tersedia pada: Kramab@mail.biu.ac.il. Diakses tanggal: 3 November 2009.

Kramarski, B. & Mevarech, Z. (2002). Metacognitive Discourse in Mathematics Clasroom. Tersedia Pada: http://www.dm.unipi.it/~didattica/CERME3/proceedings/Groups/TG8/TG8_Kramarski_cerme3.pdf. Diakses tanggal: 18 November 2009 .

Kramarski, B. & Mizrachi, N. (2004). Enhancing Mathematical Literacy with the Use of Metacognitive Guidence in Forum Discussion. Makalah pada : Proceedings of the 28th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Matmehatics Education, 2004, Vol 3 pp 169-176 Tersedia pada: http://www.emis.de/proceedings/PME28/RR/RR306_Kramarski.pdf. Diakses tanggal: 9 November 2009

Kwang, T.S, Threlfall, J & Monaghan, J. (1997). The Effects of Metacognitive Training in Mathematical Word Problem Solving in a Computer Environment. Proceedings vol. 2

Mevarech, Z. R & Amrny, C.(2008). The Effects Metacognitive Instruction on Students Mathematics Achievement and Regulation of Cognition. Tersedia Pada: tsg.icme11.org/document/get/58. Diakses tangal: 3 November 2009

Mevarech, Z.R & Fridkin,S.(2006). The Effects of IMPROVE on mathematical knowledge, mathematical reasoning and meta-cognition. Meta-cognition Learning, 1, 85-97.

Mevarech, Z & Kramarski, B. (2004). Mathematical Modeling and Meta Cognitive Instruvtion. Tersedia Pada: www.icme-organisers.dk/tsg18/S32MevarechKramarski.pdf - Diakses Tanggal: 3 November 2009.

Mohamed & Ten Nai, T. (2005). The Use of Metacognitive Process in Learning. Makalah pada The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project University Teknologi Malaysia

Morcou & Lerman. (2006). Towards The Development of a Self Regulated Mathematical Problem Solving Model. (Online). Tersedia Pada: ftp://ftp.emis.de/pub/EMIS/proceedings/PME30/4/137.pd.f Diakses Tanggal: 4 Mei 2010

Nitko,A.J.(1996). Educational Assesment of Students. Enlewood Cliffs.Merrill

Oleinik. (2002). Development of critical thinking in mathematics courses. Makalah pada Proceeding of the 3rd International Mathematics Education and Society Conference. Pp 1-3. Copenhegen: Centre for Research in learning Mathematics. Tersedia pada: www.mes3.learning.aau.dk/Projects/Oleinik.pdf -. Diakses tanggal: 19 Desember 2010

Phan, H.P. (2006). Examination of student learning approaches, reflective thinking, and epistemological beliefs: A latent variables approach. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, No. 10 Vol4(3),2006,pp:557-610. Tersedia pada: http://www.investigacion-psicopedagogica.org/revista/articulos/10/english/Art_10_141.pdf .Diakses Tanggal: 4 November 2010.

Piccolo, D, et al.(2002). Quality if Instruction: Examining Discourse in Middle School Mathematics Instruction. Makalah Tersedia Pada: Jurnal of Advanced Academics (JAA), Volume 19 Number 3 2008, hal.376-410.

Ratnaningsih.N.(2007).Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kontekstual terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Kreatif Matematik Serta Kemandirian Belajar Siswa SMA. Disertasi pada SPs UPI. Bandung: Tidak diterbitkan

Rhee & Pintrich (2004). Teaching to Facilitate Self-Regulated Learning. Thinking about Thinking (Ee, et.al, ed. 2004). Singapore: National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University.

Sabandar. (2010). Thinking Clasroom. Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah. Tersedia pada: math.sps.upi.edu/.../Thinking-Classroom-dalam-Pembelajaran-Matematika-di-Sekolah.pdf. Diakses tanggal 15 Maret 2010.

Schraw, et al. (2006). Promoting Self-Regulation in Science Education: Metacognition as Part of a Broader Persoective on Learning. Jurnal : Research in Scinece Education (2006) 36:111-139. Springer.

Stacey, Kaye.(1996). Attitudes and Meta-Cognitive Aspects of Learning Mathematics: An Analysis by Gender. Tersedia Pada: http://staff.edfac.unimelb.edu.au/~kayecs/publications/1990to96/Stacey-Attitudes.pdf, Diaksese tanggal: 9 November 2009

Suherman , E dan Sukjaya, Y. (1990). Petunjuk Praktis untuk Melaksanakan Evaluasi Pendidikan Matematika. Bandung : Wijaya Kusumah 157.

Sukmadinata, dkk . (2006). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung : PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Surbek,E.,Eunhye,P.,&Moyer,J.(1991). Assessing reflective responses in Journals. Education Leadership, March,25-27. Tersedia Pada: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/development/reflection.html .Diakses tanggal : 4 November 2010.

Tan Seng. (2002). Cognition, Metacognition, and, Problem Based Learning. Enhancing Thinking Through Problem Based Learning Approaches, h.1-14, (Tan seng, ed). Singapore:Thompson

Tim MKPBM (2004). Strategi Pembelajaran Matematika Kontemporer. Bandung: JICA UPI.

Utari-Sumarmo. (2006). Kemandirian Belajar. Apa, Mengapa, dan Bagaimana Dikembangkan pada Peserta Didik. Makalah yang disampaikan pada Seminar di UPI. Bandung:UPI

Weissinger, P. (2002). Critical Thinking, Metacognition, and Problem-Based Learning. Enhancing Thinking Through Problem Based Learning Approaches, h. 40-55 (Tan seng, ed). Singapore:Thompson.

Winne & Perry (2005). Measuring Self Regulation Learning. In Hand Book Of Self Regulation, h. 532-564 (Boekaerts,et.al, ed). Amerika:Academic Press

Yong Tee & Kiong, Lau.(2002). Metacognitive Aspect of Mathematics Problem Solving. Tersedia Pada: http://gse.berkeley.edu/Faculty/AHSchoenfeld/Schoenfeld_MathThinking.pdf. Diakses tanggal: 17 November 2009

Zehavi & Mann. (2006). Instrumented Techniques and Reflective Thinking in Analytic Geometry. (Online). (Tersedia Pada: www.math.umt.edu/tmme/vol2no2/TMMEv2n2a1.pdf . Diakses tanggal 6 Februari 2011)

Zimmerman,B.(1990).Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: An Overview. Educational Psyhologist, 25(1),3-17.Tersedia pada: www.unco edu/cebs/pschology/kevinpugh/motivation_project/recources/Zimmerman90.Diakses tanggal: 4 Mei 2010

Pengembangan Bahan Reflective ThinkingAjar dan Instrumen untuk Meningkatkan Berpikir Reflektif Matematis dan Kemandirian Belajar Berbasis Pendekatan Metakognitif

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